Temporal Stability in a Cryptic Afrotropical Migrant : Limited Evidence for Activity‐Driven (…)

ABSTRACT

The Angola Pitta (Pitta angolensis) is a rare and secretive bird species, with limited knowledge regarding its distribution in Southern Africa. This study assessed the abundance and activity patterns of P. angolensis from 2023 to 2025 in Chewore South Safari Area, Middle Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe. Through systematic field observations conducted across various habitats, including riverine forests, woodlands and open areas. Observations were recorded during standardized field patrols conducted by trained personnel, with each sighting documenting date, location, activity type (feeding, resting, nesting) and group size. Data analysis using analysis of variance and generalized linear mixed-effects models found no significant variation in group size across years, indicating stable abundance within the study period. However, activity type influenced group size, with feeding behaviour generally associated with larger groups compared to nesting or resting observations. No notable effects of year or activity type on group size were found when survey date was included as a variable. These findings suggest temporal stability of P. angolensis populations within the study area and highlight behavioural context as a key factor influencing observed group size. The study provides critical baseline data for long-term monitoring and enhances understanding of this species' ecology in protected areas of Zimbabwe.